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During this time, the issue of the development of private enterprises continued to attract attention. It must be made clear that the public-owned economy and the non-public economy are all important components of the socialist market economy and are important foundations for China's economic and social development. In recent years, the state has introduced a series of policy measures to solve the problems of financing difficulties, market access, and equal development that restrict the development of the private economy. At the same time, deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises use production factors equally, and openly and fairly participate. Market competition and an environment that is equally protected by law are taking shape, and economic vitality and creativity are constantly increasing. "Economic Daily" published an expert article of the National Development and Reform Commission Economic Research Institute on the 14th to explain the current development environment of private enterprises.
Both the public-owned economy and the non-public economy are important components of the socialist market economy and are important foundations for China's economic and social development. For a long time, especially since the 18th National Party Congress, the Party Central Committee has always adhered to the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay and the development of multiple ownership economies and the "two unshakable" policies (unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy). Unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy). General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The status and role of the non-public economy in China's economic and social development has not changed. The principles and policies that encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public economy have not changed. We are committed to creating a favorable environment for the development of the non-public economy. The policy of providing more opportunities has not changed." In recent years, the state has introduced a series of policy measures to solve the problems of financing difficulties, market access, and equal development that restrict the development of the private economy. At the same time, deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises, private enterprises use production factors equally, and openly and fairly participate. Market competition and an environment that is equally protected by law are taking shape, and economic vitality and creativity are constantly increasing.
We will further promote the reform of mixed ownership and actively introduce private capital to participate in the reform of state-owned enterprises. A mixed-ownership economy with cross-shareholdings and mutual integration of state-owned capital, collective capital, and non-public capital is an important form of realization of the basic economic system. Since the “State Council’s Opinions on the Development of a Mixed Ownership Economy for State-Owned Enterprises” was issued in September 2015, the reform of mixed ownership has been solidly promoted. At present, more than two-thirds of enterprises affiliated to central enterprises have realized state-owned capital and social capital at the level of property rights. the mix of. In the key areas, the pilot reform of the mixed areas continued to deepen. In accordance with the requirements of improving governance, strengthening incentives, highlighting the main business, and improving efficiency, 50 state-owned enterprises have been approved in three batches for pilot reform of mixed ownership, involving electricity, oil, natural gas, and railways. Civil aviation, telecommunications, military, finance, and important commodities. Compared with the previous development of mixed ownership economy, this round of mixed ownership reform emphasizes the two-way entry and cross-shareholding of state-owned capital and non-state-owned capital. Private enterprises can participate in the reform of state-owned enterprises, and state-owned enterprises can also participate in the development of private enterprises and support the establishment of non- A mixed-ownership enterprise controlled by the public economy. In order to promote transformation and development, pursue economies of scale, and take advantage of the resources of state-owned enterprises, in recent years, the private economy has realized a mix of public ownership and economic property through asset restructuring and participation in new investment projects. In most industries, private economy can be seen to participate in development. Mixed ownership enterprise. With the increase in the participation of private capital in the reform of state-owned enterprises, more and more private capital is no longer satisfied with subordinate and cooperative relations, and the original participation in the reform of property rights of state-owned enterprises has shifted to having the right to speak and participate in decision-making.
Further relax market access and broaden the investment field of private capital. For a long time, the central and local governments have repeatedly introduced policy measures to expand the market access for private enterprises, broaden the channels for private investment, and strive to break the "glass door", "spring door" and "revolving door" that restrict private investment, and fully mobilize private investment. Enthusiasm. Full implementation and continuous improvement of the market access negative list system, "there is no prohibition of the law can be", in the field outside the list, all types of market entities can enter according to law. At the same time, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and some local SASACs have formulated a negative list of state-owned capital investment and included projects that are prohibited from investing in negative lists. Central enterprises are not allowed to invest, which will free up more space for private capital. In the near future, we have made great efforts to reduce the threshold for private capital to enter key areas. In the areas of environmental protection, transportation, oil and gas, telecommunications, and social undertakings, we have introduced a large number of projects with large commercial potential and clear investment return mechanism to private capital. And actively support private capital holdings. At the same time, it has eliminated and reduced the additional conditions that hinder private investment from entering the fields of pension and medical care, and helped solve the problems of land, capital and talents. These measures have boosted the expectations and confidence of the private economy and stimulated market vitality.
The combination of length and shortness improves the financing environment and focuses on solving the problem of difficult financing for private enterprises. The financing problem is a common problem faced by private enterprises in China and even in the world. The central government attaches great importance to the problem of financing difficult financing for private enterprises. In recent years, in addition to successively implementing a prudent and stable neutral monetary policy, maintaining a reasonable and sufficient liquidity, and guiding the steady and moderate growth of the scale of money and credit and social financing, we have also worked hard to improve small and medium-sized enterprises in accordance with the short-term precision and long-term methods of treating both the symptoms and the root causes. Financing environment and reducing financing costs. In recent years, through the expansion of the scope of application of the targeted reduction policy for small and micro enterprises, the development of financing guarantee services to support small and micro enterprises, the exemption of value-added tax on the interest income of financial institutions supporting small and micro enterprises, and the continuous promotion of the credit system construction of small and medium-sized enterprises. The use of credit policies to support refinancing, rediscounting and other measures to guide financial institutions to increase credit support for small and micro enterprises. The expansion of the AA-level small and micro-enterprise credit bond collaterals is relaxed, and the qualification requirements for collaterals of low- and medium-rated companies are relaxed, improving the bond financing environment for SMEs. In 2017, in response to the strict supervision of de-leverage, the financing environment was generally tightened, and the issues of “ownership preference” and “scale preference” in financing were more prominent. The nine ministries and commissions introduced large and medium-sized commercial banks to establish the Inclusive Finance Division. Program. At present, all major domestic commercial banks and several national joint-stock commercial banks have set up the Inclusive Finance Department at the head office level, and established specialized institutions for small and micro enterprises in branches and county branches. Since May this year, the Banking Regulatory Commission has implemented the new goal of “two increases and two controls”, requiring the growth rate of small and micro enterprise loans of commercial banks not lower than the year-on-year growth rate of various loans. The number of customers for small and micro enterprises is not lower than last year. The same period. In the long run, the key to solving the financing difficulties of SMEs is to improve the financial service system. On the one hand, it allows private capital with conditions to initiate the establishment of financial institutions such as small and medium-sized banks in accordance with the law, and promote the diversification of credit supply entities; on the other hand, accelerate the development of multiple levels. Capital market, support qualified enterprises to carry out equity financing through small and medium-sized board, new three board, GEM, regional equity trading platform, further simplify the transfer of small and medium-sized enterprise shares, continue to promote the innovation and development of the bond market, and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to issue non-financial corporate debt. Financing tools, support qualified financial institutions to issue small and micro enterprise financial bonds, and reduce the financing costs of SMEs by increasing the proportion of direct financing.
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