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The traditional textile industry is a typical high energy consumption, high water consumption, high pollution industry, especially in the textile dyeing and finishing process, will produce a large amount of waste water, waste residues, including dyes, slurry, additives, oils, fiber impurities and inorganic salts. The high content of organic pollutants, large alkalinity, large changes in water quality and high chroma make it difficult to treat water pollution in the textile industry. In order to reduce the production of printing and dyeing wastewater from the source, anhydrous dyeing technology came into being.
Anhydrous dyeing is to use organic solvents instead of water as a medium for dyeing, which means that there is no need for pre-treatment and post-dyeing treatment of yarn, and the entire printing and dyeing process does not use water, nor does it need to add other chemical materials such as dyeing salts, so that the effect of traditional water medium dyeing can be achieved or even exceeded, and there is no waste water discharge in printing and dyeing production. Waterless dyeing technology can achieve zero water in the cotton dyeing process, environmentally friendly non-water combined media recycling rate of more than 99.8%, chemical consumption is reduced by 96%, dyeing water is reduced by 100%, and production efficiency is increased by 50%.
Anhydrous dyeing technology mainly includes two kinds, one is supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing technology, which uses liquid CO2 as a medium under ultra-high pressure to liquefy CO2, so that dyes are dissolved in it, fibers are bulked in it, dye molecules are rapidly and evenly diffused and then decompressed, the whole process does not need to be washed and does not produce waste water. Applying it to actual production, the textile dyeing efficiency is shortened from 8 to 12 hours of traditional water dyeing to 3 to 4 hours. The other is to use organic solvents instead of water as a medium for dyeing, after the completion of dyeing, organic solvents can also be recycled. In the dyeing process, the water is saved 100%, the energy consumption is reduced 39.3%, the dye fixation rate is more than 97%, and the solvent recovery rate is more than 99%.
In addition to reducing the "carbon footprint" in dyeing, green fibers can also be used from the source of the textile industry.
Green fiber refers to the raw materials derived from biomass or renewable raw materials, low carbon environmental protection in the production process, no pollution to the environment after the final product is discarded or renewable and recycled chemical fiber. Taking polylactic acid fiber as an example, it is mainly extracted from starch containing crops such as corn and straw by fermentation, and becomes polylactic acid fiber after spinning. If the clothing made of 100% polylactic acid fiber is buried in a specific environment, it can achieve natural degradation within 1 year. In addition to being able to completely decompose in a specific environment to reduce pollution to the soil, the dyeing temperature and setting temperature of polylactic acid are much lower than that of conventional washing fabrics, so it has the characteristics of energy saving and consumption reduction. Using polylactic acid instead of plastic chemical fiber can reduce the harm to the environment from the source.
In addition to the two mentioned above, the recycling of waste textiles is also an effective way to reduce the "carbon footprint". At present, our country has entered the textile power from the textile power. It is necessary to continue to seek breakthroughs in the field of green new materials, and bring more recyclable low-carbon textile material options to the textile industry from the beginning of the product life cycle. It is more important to focus on new materials, promote key core technology breakthroughs and technology iteration capabilities, and create a collaborative industrial innovation ecology.
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